What term describes the phenomenon where the toxicity of one chemical is enhanced by the presence of another non-toxic chemical?

The correct term for the phenomenon where the toxicity of one chemical is enhanced by the presence of another non-toxic chemical is "potentiation." In this context, potentiation specifically refers to a situation in which a non-toxic or less toxic substance increases the toxic effects of another substance when combined. This differs from synergism, where two toxic chemicals work together to create a combined effect that is greater than the sum of their individual effects.

Understanding this concept is crucial in hazardous waste operations because it highlights the importance of assessing chemical interactions, rather than just evaluating substances in isolation. Safe management practices must take potentiation into account to prevent unintended toxic effects when non-toxic substances are present alongside hazardous materials.

While antagonism refers to the reduction in toxicity when two chemicals are combined, and absorption relates to how substances are taken up by organisms or materials, they do not apply to the scenario given in the question. Thus, recognizing potentiation is key in the assessment of chemical safety in environments dealing with hazardous materials.